In the application environment of the big rice color separator, there are more dust and dust, and the vibration and interference are also large. The temperature change and the difference of rice and wheat quality will affect the working state of the color separator, resulting in inaccurate detection signals or changes in the delay time for controlling the opening of the high-pressure air valve, thus affecting the accuracy of the impurity injection action. The air gun self-test function can prevent the color selection effect from being affected by the air gun failure. The mechanical structure design strives to be stable and reliable, and the introduction of a heat dissipation system improves the service life and stability of the machine; The electrical and optical design system strives to be simple and effective. The optimized system structure reduces the complexity of the machine and greatly improves the reliability of the machine. The simple design of the optical system, the accurate automatic calibration system, and the carefully designed human-machine interface greatly simplify the complexity of machine debugging and use, ensure simple operation, and make the machine easy to learn and use.